Description
Peat and Mangrove Ecosystems Support Climate Change Mitigation
The peat and mangrove ecosystems in Riau Province play a crucial role in mitigating global climate change. However, at the same time, these two ecosystems also face significant pressure due to degradation, land conversion, and socio-economic issues at the local level.
Dr. Sigit Sutikno from the Peat Science and Technology Center (PUI) at Riau University explained that peat and mangroves are part of the wetland ecosystem, which is generally found in lowland areas. Approximately 65 percent of Riau's territory is lowland, making these two ecosystems widespread and possess enormous potential.
"Their role is crucial in carbon storage. Peatland covers only about three percent of the world's land area, but stores almost 30 percent of the Earth's carbon. Meanwhile, mangroves can store and absorb up to five times more carbon than terrestrial forests," said Sigit.
Restoration efforts, according to Sigit, are not instantaneous. Peat and mangrove restoration requires a long and sustainable process. Planting alone isn't enough; it must be accompanied by continuous monitoring, maintenance, and evaluation.
"The biggest challenge lies in revitalizing community livelihoods. Changing long-standing economic habits isn't easy, so it requires a gradual approach and continuous improvement," he said.
This economic approach has been the focus of Mulyadi, Director of the Riau Gambut Foundation, in assisting communities in peatland and mangrove areas. He believes that public awareness of the importance of preserving ecosystems must be built alongside concrete economic solutions.
"When we talk about communities, their basic needs remain economic. Previously, rubber, then palm oil because of the large market. So when we talk about conservation, there must be clear livelihood alternatives," Mulyadi said.